IV fluid,
Saline
|
Dextrose
|
Dextrose in Saline
|
Electrolyte
|
NSI N/S
0.9% 500ml (瓶)
NSI25 N/S 0.9% 250ml (瓶)
NS0.5I half (0.5%) saline
NSI2 20ml/vial
NSI5 N/S 500ml (軟袋)
NSI1 N/S 1000ml (軟袋)
NSIE N/S 1000ml (沖洗)
NACLI3 3%N/S 500ml
(瓶)
|
D5WI, 5% destrose 500ml
D10WI, 10% dextrose 500ml
50I, 50% dextrose
20ml/amp
|
D5SI, 5%dextrose in
N/S 500ml
0.33I, 5%dextrose in 0.33%NaCl 500ml
Water
DWI, water for inj., 20ml/bot
|
KCLI10, KCl, 20mEq/10ml/amp
RADIK, Potassium gluconate, Radi-K
595mg/# (K=2.54mEq)
3-9#/day (b-tid)
K3PO4I, Potassium phosphate, K3PO4 ,
20ml/amp,
TAITI4, Taita soln 4, 500ml/bot
(Na, K, Cl, P, acetate,
glucose)
I: diarrhea
|
|
每L (2瓶)
|
Na
|
K
|
Cl
|
PO4
|
Acetate
|
Glucose
|
Mg
|
台4
|
TAITI4
|
110
|
20
|
102
|
12
|
16
|
8g
|
|
台5
|
TAITI5
|
36
|
18
|
17
|
12
|
28
|
100g
|
3
|
代用血漿:
TETRAI, TETRASPAN inj.
Hydroxyethyl starch 10% 500ml
Dose: 初:
10-20ml, slow ivd, max: 30ml/kg/d (60kg=1800ml/d =3瓶)
胃腸道出血:
一般bleeding
|
Tranexamic acid
|
Transamin
|
TRANI, 250mg/5ml/amp
TRANS, 250mg/ cap
|
1-2 amp, ivp, q6-8h
1-2 cap, PO q6-8h
|
N/S,
|
|
|
|
PRBC
|
|
備4輸2U
|
|
Tetraspan
|
|
1包500ml
|
|
GI bleeding
|
Pantoprazole
|
Pantoloc
|
|
1 vial q12; 5 vial in N/S 500,
run 20
|
Sucralfate
|
Ulsanic
|
2# qid
|
|
EV bleeding
|
Somatostatin
|
Stilamin, Somatosan
|
SOMA3MI, 3mg(3000mcg)/
vial
|
2支 in N/S 500(or D5W), run 20, x2-3d
|
Terlipressin acetate
|
Terlissin
|
TERLI, 1mg/ vial
= 0.85mg terlipressin
|
EV bleeding: 初: 2-4支iv q4h, 維: 1支, q4-6h x2-3d (max: 5d)
|
Phytonadione
|
Vit K1
|
VITKI, Vit K1 inj, 10mg/1ml/amp
|
IM, SC 2.5-10-25mg, qd (q6-8h prn)
1支 ivd in N/S 30ml, qd
|
FFP 3-4U
|
|
|
|
ESRD,
|
Desmopressin
|
Minirin
DDAVP inj
|
DDAVP intranasal, 0.1mg/ml, 2.5ml/bot
DDAVPI, 4mcg/ml/amp
|
4支 in N/S 50ml, run 30’ q6h x1d
|
Premarin 3# QID
|
|
0.625mg/#
|
|
|
NESP
|
|
1支(20ug)
|
1支 iv, post HD
|
SHOCK
|
Tetraspan 1包
|
|
500ml
|
|
Albumin (C)
|
Albumin
|
ALBUI, 25% inj, 50ml/ bot
|
肺,(ARDS),心,肝衰竭
腎(nephrotic),胰(炎),腹內感染
|
SZ
Lorazepam (D) 四級
|
Ativan
|
Ativan 0.5mg /#
Ativan 2mg/ #
Ativan 2mg/ml/amp
|
ATIV0.5
ATIV2
ATIV2I
|
Status epilepticus:
0.1mg/kg (max: 4mg=2支),
2mg/min IVD,
1支 + N/S 10ml ivd x1min,
q5-10’ 再給一次prn
|
Phenytoin (C)
|
Dilantin
|
100mg/ cap
250mg/5ml/amp
4 amp=1000mg
5 amp=1250mg
|
DILAN
DILA5I
|
初: 1 cap TID (3 cap HS)
初: 15-20mg/kg (60kg=900-1200mg) ivd x30’, st
(4-5支 in N/S 100ml, run 30’)
維: 100mg,
in N/S 50ml, ivd x 5’, q6-8h
Max infusion rate: 50mg/min
|
高血壓
ACEi
|
|
|
|
|
Captopril
(C,D)
|
Capoten
|
CAPO
|
25mg/#
|
HTN: 12.5mg-25mg (0.5-1#) b-t-qid
|
Nitroglycerine
|
|
|
|
|
Nitrate
|
Nitrostat
Nitroglycerin inj
(Millisrol)
|
NTG
NTG1I
|
0.6mg/ #
5mg/ 10ml
(500mcg/1ml)
=300mcg/0.6ml
|
初: 5mcg/min (300mcg=0.6ml/h ~90ml/h), 每5分增5mcg,
|
BB
|
|
|
|
|
Atenolol (D)
|
Tenormin
|
TENO50
TENO100
|
50mg/#
100mg/#
|
HTN: 初: 25-50mg/d (0.5-1#qd)
|
Bisoprolol
(C)
|
Concor
|
CONC
CONC125
|
5mg/#
1.25mg/#
|
|
Labetalol
|
Trandate
|
TRAND
TRANDI
|
200mg/ #
25mg/5ml/amp
+D5w
(=1mg/1ml)
|
初: 0.5# BID; 維: 1-2# bid
HTN urgency: 100-200mg (0.5-1#), q2-3h
=20mg ivd (4ml +D5W 16ml) x2min; 40mg & 80mg,
at 10min interval (max: 300mg)
=2mg/min (120mg/1h)
|
高血壓危症 (hypertensive crisis)
Hypertensive urgencies: DBP >120-130 mmHg (↓30% = 36-39mmHg=)
Hypertensive emergencies: severe HTN + end-organ damage (需數小時內降低BP) =>住院ICU
降壓目標: 24h內降30%
HTN Urgency (PO)
|
HTN emergency (inj)
|
Capoten 0.5-1#
bid-qid
15-30’ / 4-6h
|
Nitrate 0.6ml/h ~ (每5分增5mcg)
|
Trandate 0.5-1#,
q2-3h
30-120’/ 8-12h
|
Trandate inj (20mg=4ml
(+D5W 16ml) ivd x2’)
|
新陳代謝科
Biguanide
|
|
|
|
|
|
Metformin (B)
|
Glucomine
Glucophage
|
500mg/ #
850mg/ #
|
GLUC
GLUC85
|
|
Max: 2550mg
|
SU
|
|
|
|
|
|
Glibenclamide
(C)
|
Euglucon =glyburide
|
5mg/ #
|
EUGL
|
初: 0.5-1#qd,
(維: 0.25# ~ max:4#)
|
|
Gliclazide
|
Diamicron MR(長效)
|
30mg/ #
|
DIAM30
|
Qd- bid
|
Max: 120mg (4#)
Ps: 非長效劑型: max: 320mg
|
Glipizide (C)
|
Glupizide
=Minidiab
|
5mg/ #
|
GLUP
|
1# qd (max: 8#/ d)
|
|
|
Metformin
|
Metformin extended
|
Dose
|
500-850mg TID; 1000mg BID
|
晚餐QD (500-2000mg)
|
Max
|
2550mg
|
2000mg
|
半衰期 (h)
|
6
|
1.5-4.9
|
Duration
|
~6
|
~24h
|
代謝/排出
|
原型藥, 腎排出
|
同左
|
Ps
|
肝,腎功能差避免用
|
同左
|
|
Glimepiride
|
Gliclazide
|
Glipizide
|
Glibenclamide
|
Gliquidone
|
|
Amaryl®
amaryl-M (500)
|
Diamicron MR®
|
Glupizide®
Minidiab
|
Euglucon®
Glyburide
|
|
Duration (h)
|
24
|
12-24
|
10-24
|
16-24
|
8-12
|
用法
|
Qd-bid
|
Qd-bid
|
Qd-bid
|
qd
|
|
排出 腎/糞
|
60/ 40
|
60-80/ 20
|
80-85/ 11
|
50/ 50
|
5/ 95
|
呼吸道用藥
止咳
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benproperine
|
Mecola
|
20mg/#
|
MECOLA
|
1# TID
|
|
Benzonatate
|
Bensau
|
100mg/cap
|
BENZ
|
1-2 cap TID
|
|
Codeine
|
Codeine
|
30mg/#
|
CODE30
|
0.5-1-2# Q3-6h
|
二級管制
|
Codeine 5mg
Terpin 40mg
|
COLD
|
|
COLD
|
1# TID
|
Terpin 祛痰
|
Dextromethorphan
|
Medicon
|
20mg/#
|
MEDI
|
10-20mg q4h
30mg (1.5#) q6-8h
|
Max: 120mg/d
|
Dextromethorphan 20mg
Pot. Cresolsulfonate 90mg
Lysozyme 20mg
|
Medicon-A
|
|
MEDIA
|
1 cap TID
|
|
1ml =
Codeine 0.48mg
Methylephedrine 1 mg
Chlorpheniramine 0.2mg
Pot. Guaiacol 3mg
Platycodon extract 0.06ml
|
Antico-B syr
(Codin-P)
|
60ml/ bt
|
ANTB6S
|
15ml T-QID
|
I: 乾咳
|
Tincture Opium camphor
0.12ml
Ext. glycyrrhiza 0.12ml
Pot. Antimony tartrate
0.24ml
Spirit ethylnitrite 0.03ml
|
Brown Mixture
|
0.12ml/ml
120ml/ bt
|
BROWS
|
2-10ml TID
|
|
Butamirate
|
Sutussi Liquid
|
0.8mg/ml
|
SUTUS
|
7.5ml, t-qid
|
|
化痰
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acetylcysteine
|
Flumucil
Acetyleine
Actein
|
300mg/3ml/支
100mg/5g/包
600mg/#
|
FLUMI
FLUIM
ACTEIN
|
1 amp BID
1-2 包 TID
1# 發泡錠QD
|
MAX: 600mg
|
Ambroxol
|
Mucosolvan
|
30mg/ #
|
MUCO
|
1# BI ~ 2# TID
|
|
Serratiopeptidase
|
Danzen
|
5mg/ #
|
DANZ
|
1-2# TID
|
|
支氣管擴張劑/ 氣喘用藥
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beta-2
agonist
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bambuterol
|
Bambec
|
10mg/ #
|
BAMB
|
1# HS
->1~2wks may 2# HS
|
Lungtec
|
Salbutamol
|
Ventoline
Ventoline nebules
Ventoline inhaler
|
2mg/ #
5mg/ml/vial
100mcg/ds, 200ds
|
VENT2
VENTN
VENTE
|
1-3# t-qid
|
|
Terbutaline
|
Bricanyl UDV
|
2.5mg/ml
2ml/vial
|
BRICN
|
1-2支,吸入B-QID
|
|
Salmeterol/ Fluticasone
|
Seretide accuhaler
|
|
SEREA50
SEREA25
SEREA10
|
Inh. BID
|
50 mcg/ 500
mcg
50/ 250
50/ 100
|
|
Seretide evohaler
250
|
|
SERE250E
|
|
25/ 250 mcg
|
Xanthine
der.
Aminophylline
(茶鹼+乙二胺)->水溶性
|
Aminophylline
Aminophylline inj
|
100mg/#
250mg/10ml
|
AMIN
AMINI
|
初 維
1# TID 300mg/d
1支 ivd
|
相當無水theophylline 量
5mg/kg ->3天後may 600mg/d
水解後-> theophylline
|
Theophylline
|
Xanthium
|
200mg/ cap
|
XANT
|
T-QID (抽菸者需qid)
|
|
Steroid
Budesonide
|
Duasma
Pulmicort
|
40mcg/ds/10ml inh
64mcg/ds nasal aqua
|
DUAS10I
PULM64N
|
初 維
400-1600/d 200-400
Bi-qid Bi
|
控制慢性氣喘
(不用於急性發作)
|
Leukotriene
antagonist
Montelukast
|
Singulair
Singulair
Singulair
Singulair oral granules
|
10mg/ #
4mg/ chewable #
5mg/ chewable #
4mg/ packet
|
SING
SING4
SING5
SINGU4
|
≥15y: 10mg HS
6-14y: 5mg HS
|
<6y/o 小心用
|
Mast
cell stabilizer
Ketotifen
|
Asthan, zaditen
Zaditen Oph sln
|
1mg/ #
|
ZADI
ZADIE
|
1-2# BI
|
長期預防
|
其他
Ipratropium
|
Atrovent UDV
|
0.5mg/ 2ml/支
|
ATRON
|
1-2支 q4-6-8h
|
|
Ipratropium / fenoterol
|
Berodual N MDI
|
20mcg/ 50mcg
|
BERODUE
|
急: 1-2puff, q5min prn
慢: 1-2puff, t-qid
|
200 puff/ 10ml
|
Tiotropium 225mcg
|
Spiriva respimat
|
2.5mg/ puff.
|
SPIRRN
|
1 cap (18mcg), qd
|
Via HandiHaler device
|
Salbutamol/ Ipratropium
120mg
/ 20mg
|
Combivent UDV
|
0.2mg/ml, 2.5ml/瓶
|
COMBI
|
1-2瓶 t-qid nebulization
|
Max: 12瓶/day
|
Budesonide / formoterol
160mcg/ 4.5mcg
|
Symbicort turbuhaler
|
|
SYMBT
|
1-2 inhalations, BI
|
長效β-agonist
|
肝膽胃腸藥
消化性潰瘍藥
|
|
|
|
|
|
H2-blocker
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cimetidine
|
Tagamet (defense)
Cimetidine
Tagamet
|
300mg/2ml/amp
200mg/ #
400mg/ #
|
TAGAI
CIME
CIME400
|
UGIB: 1支 q6h
Tx: 300mg QI,
600mg BI
|
|
Ranitidine
|
Zantac
|
150mg/#
|
|
|
|
PPI (-prazole)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Esomeprazole
(B)
|
Nexium
Nexium inj
|
40mg/ # 14
40mg/ vial
|
NEXI
NEXII
|
0.5-1# (vial), QD
|
|
Lansoprazole
(B)
|
Takepron OD
|
30mg/ # 22
|
TAKEOD
|
1# QD
|
GERD: 8wks
DU: 6wks
|
Omeprazole
(C)
|
Losec
Losec inj
|
20mg/ cap 2.5
40mg/ vial
|
LOSE
LOSEI
|
2# (1支), QD
|
PUD/ GERD: 4-8 wks
|
Pantoprazole
|
Pantoloc
Pantoloc inj
|
40mg/ # 22
40mg/ vial
|
PANT
|
1-2# QD
|
|
Rabeprazole
|
Pariet
|
20mg/ # 17
|
PARIE
|
1# AM, PC
|
4-8 wks
|
Dexlansoprazole
|
Dexilant
|
60mg/ cap 29
|
DEXI
|
|
↑骨鬆
|
其他
|
|
|
|
|
|
Misoprostol
|
Cytotec
|
200mcg/ #
|
CYTO
|
|
NSAID-induced GU預防
|
其他腸胃藥
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mosapride
|
Mopride
|
5mg/ #
|
MOPRID
|
1# TI
|
DM gastroparesis,
indigestion
|
Domperidone
|
Motilium
|
10mg/ #
|
MOTI
|
1-2-3# t-qid
|
止吐, DM gastroparesis,
飯後dyspepsia: 1#TIA
|
Metoclopramide (B)
|
Primperan
Primperan inj
|
5mg/ #
10mg/ 2ml/ amp
|
PRIM5
PRIMI
|
1-2# t-qia
|
DM Gastroparesis, 2#QIA
GERD
|
flopropine
|
Cospanon
|
40mg/ cap
|
COSP
|
1-2 cap TID
|
膽管解痙劑
(膽管結石(炎), 胰臟炎)
|
Sucralfate (B)
|
Ulsanic
|
500mg/ #
|
ULSA
|
預防: 2# bi; 治療: 2#qi
|
S/P: GIB, 腎差
|
抗生素
PCN
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amoxicillin (B)
|
Amoxicillin
|
250mg/cap
500mg/cap
|
AMOX25
AMOX50
|
250-500mg q8h
|
|
Amoxicillin/
clavulanic acid
|
Augmentin syrup
(400/ 57mg)
Augmentin F.C. 1g (875/ 125mg)
Augmentin 600mg (500/100mg)
Augmentin
1.2g (1000/200mg)
|
457mg /5ml
1g /#
600mg /vial
1.2g /vial
|
AUGMS2
AUGM
AUGMI
AUGM12I
|
輕：250mg q8h
中：500mg q12
重：500mg-875mg q8
|
|
Ampicillin (B)
|
Ampicillin
|
500mg/cap
500mg/ vial
|
AMPI50
AMPI5I
|
250-500mg q6h
|
|
Ampicillin/
Sulbactam
|
Unasyn (1000/500mg/vial)
Unasyn (250/125mg/#)
Ambacillin 3g (2g/1g/vial)
|
1.5g/vial
375mg/ #
3g/ vial
|
UNASI
|
PO: 2-4# BID
Iv: 3g q6-8, (max 12g/d)
|
1.5g q6(6g/d)~3g q8 (9g/d)
|
Dicloxacillin
|
Dicloxacillin
|
250mg/cap
|
DICL
|
1-4 cap q6h (max: 6g/d)
|
Diclocin ®
|
Flucloxacillin (針)
|
Flucloxin
|
1g/vial)
|
FLUCLO1I
|
250mg-2g, slow ivd q6h
|
|
Oxacillin (B)
|
Prostaphylin
|
1g/vial
|
PROS1I
|
250mg-1g iv q4-6h
|
Ocillina ®
|
Piperacillin (B)
|
Pipril
|
2g/ vial
|
PIPRI
|
3-4g, iv q4-6h
|
|
Piperacillin /
Tazobactam (B)
|
Tazocin (2g/ 0.25g)
Betamycin (4.5g/ vial)
|
2.25g/ vial
4.5g/ vial
|
TAZOI
BETAI
|
4.5g iv q6-8h
|
|
CPL
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cefazolin (B)
|
Cephazoline
|
1g/vial
|
CEFAI
|
250mg-1.5g, iv q6-8h
|
|
Cefuroxime (B)
|
Zinacef
Zinnat
|
750mg/vial
250mg/ #
|
ZINAI75
ZINN
|
750mg-1.5g-3g iv q8h
PO: 1-2# bid
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
腦神經科用藥
痙攣／ｓｚ
治療：使用單一種藥物為佳（好控制／monitor，少彼此交互作用，遵從性佳，more cost
effective, wider therapeutic index。
Valproic acid: 首選(對所有癲癇都有療效)
Carbamazepine & Dilantin (幾乎所有癲癇皆有效，except失神性癲癇無效)
Status epilepticus: Ativan
(or valium), -> Dilantin
Note that although there is
evidence to support the use of these medications for these seizure types, the
medication may not be indicated for this use by the US Food and Drug
Administration.
* Previously referred
to as secondary generalized seizures.
¶ Some evidence of efficacy for generalized-onset tonic-clonic seizures,
but may also worsen certain generalized seizure types.
Δ Potential to worsen certain generalized seizure types.
§ May worsen or precipitate myoclonic seizures.
¥ Ezogabine (retigabine) is being permanently discontinued by the
manufacturer and will not be available commercially after June 2017.
|
|
Tonic clonic
|
Dilantin & carbamazepine
|
Generalized SZ
|
Ethosuximide & valproic
acid
|
Partial SZ
|
Carbamazepine &
phenytoin
|
STATUS EPILEPTICUS
Lorazepam (D) 四級
|
Ativan
|
0.5mg /#
2mg/ #
2mg/ml/amp
|
ATIV0.5
ATIV2
ATIV2I
|
Status epilepticus:
0.1mg/kg (max: 4mg=2支),
2mg/min IVD,
1支 + N/S 10ml ivd x1min,
q5-10’ 再給一次prn
|
Phenytoin (C)
4-5支 in N/S 100ml, run 30’
|
Dilantin
|
100mg/ cap
250mg/5ml/amp
4 amp=1000mg
5 amp=1250mg
|
DILAN
DILA5I
|
初: 1 cap TID (3 cap HS)
初: 15-20mg/kg (60kg=900-1200mg)
1000mg in N/S 100, ivd x30’, st
維: 100mg, in N/S 50ml, ivd x 5’, q6-8h
Max infusion rate: 50mg/min
|
SZ
|
|
|
|
Use
|
|
Lorazepam
|
Ativan
|
0.5mg /#
2mg/ #
2mg/ml/amp
|
ATIV0.5
ATIV2
ATIV2I
|
Status epilepticus:
1支 + N/S 10ml ivd x1min,
q5-10’ 再給一次prn
|
0.1mg/kg (max: 4mg (2支)),
|
Clonazepam (四級)
|
Rivotril
|
0.5mg/ #
2mg/ #
|
RIVO0.5
RIVO2
|
初：0.5mg TID (每3d加0.5-1mg)
|
Myoclonic SZ, absence SZ
|
窄效
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carbamazepine (C)
|
Tegretol
CR
|
200mg/#
|
TEGRCR
|
初：1# BI
維：1.5-3#BI
|
Epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia
副：Steven-Johnson synd
|
Phenytoin
|
Dilantin
|
100mg/ cap
250mg/5ml/amp
|
DILAN
DILA5I
|
初：1 cap TID, 3-6#HS
|
Status epilepticus
|
Pregabalin
|
Pregabalin (窄)
(Lyrica ®)
|
75mg/ cap
|
LIRICA
|
初：1# BI
維：150-600mg/d (max: 4 cap BI)
|
|
廣效
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lamotrigine (C)
|
Lamictal
|
50mg/ #
|
LAMI
|
1# BI
|
|
Levetiracetam (C)
|
Keppra
|
500mg/#
500mg/ vial
|
KEPP
KEPPI
|
1# B-tid (max: 3# BI)
|
Partial SZ, adjunct
|
Topiramate (C)
|
Topamax
|
25mg/ cap
100mg/ #
|
TOPA25
TOPAMA
|
初：1# (25mg) BI
|
Max: 200mg BI
|
Valproic acid (D)
|
Convulex
Depakine
Depakine soln
|
300mg/ cap
500mg/ #
200mg/ml (40ml/bt)
|
CONVU
DEPA500
DEPAS
|
初：1cap (300mg) BI
維：1-2g/ d
2-6ml BI-qid
|
|
暈:
euclidan (50) (nican) 1#TI
Nilasen (16) betadine 1#TI
Sibelium (5) 1#HS
